Human Absent In Melanoma 2 (AIM2) Protein

Background

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a protein-coding gene. It's part of the AIM2-like receptor (ALR) family, which plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. AIM2 specifically functions as a cytosolic DNA sensor, detecting the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from pathogens or damaged host cells. Activated AIM2 recruits apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), forming the inflamasome. This inflammasome activation leads to the cleavage and activation of caspase-1, which in turn initiates the processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). These cytokines play essential roles in orchestrating the immune response against infections and in regulating inflammatory processes. In addition to its role in immunity, AIM2 has been implicated in various diseases and conditions, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Dysregulation of AIM2 signaling has been associated with the pathogenesis of conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Crohn's disease, and certain types of cancer. In cancer, AIM2's role is complex and context-dependent. While it can exert tumor-suppressive effects by promoting cell death in response to genomic instability or viral infections, AIM2 activation has also been linked to the promotion of inflammation and tumorigenesis in certain contexts.