GULP1 Protein

Background

GULP1 is an adaptor protein containing a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain that mediates signal transduction in cell engulfment, phagocytosis, and apoptotic cell clearance. It interacts with transmembrane receptors like integrins and members of the engulfment pathway, including the CED-1 homologs. GULP1 facilitates actin cytoskeletal rearrangement by bridging receptors to downstream signaling proteins during phagosome formation. It is essential for apoptotic cell removal and has roles in cell migration and lipid homeostasis. GULP1 is expressed in macrophages, epithelial cells, and neurons, where it regulates tissue remodeling and cellular debris clearance. Dysregulation is linked to impaired phagocytosis, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in knockout models highlight its role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing chronic inflammation.