G Protein-Coupled Receptor 81 (GPR81) Antibody

Background

HCAR1, also known as GPR81, is a G protein-coupled receptor that responds to lactate, a key metabolite produced during glycolysis. HCAR1 is primarily expressed in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system, where it plays a critical role in energy metabolism. Activation of HCAR1 inhibits adenylate cyclase via Gi/o proteins, reducing intracellular cAMP levels and suppressing lipolysis in adipocytes. This action helps conserve energy during periods of high lactate production, such as intense exercise or hypoxia. HCAR1 also regulates metabolic signaling in the liver and brain, where lactate serves as both an energy substrate and signaling molecule. Dysregulation of HCAR1 signaling is associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies suggest HCAR1’s involvement in neuroprotection, where lactate signaling may support neuronal survival during metabolic stress. HCAR1 is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, neuroprotection, and conditions involving excessive lipolysis.