C5a Anaphylatoxin Chemotactic Receptor 2 (C5AR2) Antibody

Background

C5AR2, also known as C5L2, is a non-canonical receptor for C5a and its des-Arg derivative (C5a-desArg). Unlike C5AR1, C5AR2 does not couple to G proteins and has been described as a "decoy" or "scavenger" receptor that modulates C5a activity. C5AR2 is expressed on immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, where it regulates inflammatory responses by sequestering C5a and dampening excessive signaling through C5AR1. However, studies suggest that C5AR2 also exhibits pro-inflammatory roles, enhancing immune cell recruitment, cytokine release, and lipid metabolism under certain conditions. C5AR2 influences signaling through β-arrestin, contributing to pathways like MAPK and ERK, which regulate cell migration and inflammation. Dysregulation of C5AR2 has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including sepsis, metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis, where it modulates complement activity and immune cell responses. In cancer, C5AR2 plays a dual role, influencing immune suppression and tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment. C5AR2 remains a target of interest for therapeutic development, particularly in complement-mediated diseases, where modulation of its activity could provide a strategy to balance inflammation and immune regulation.