G Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 (GPR119) Antibody

Background

GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in pancreatic β-cells and enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract. It is activated by endogenous lipids such as oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and dietary-derived fatty acid derivatives. GPR119 plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and promoting the release of incretin hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) from intestinal cells. This dual action improves insulin sensitivity and regulates appetite, making GPR119 an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Activation of GPR119 leads to cAMP accumulation and downstream activation of insulinotropic pathways, enhancing glucose control without causing hypoglycemia. Dysregulation of GPR119 signaling has been associated with metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and obesity. GPR119 agonists are currently being developed to improve glycemic control and promote weight loss, highlighting its significance in metabolic health.