anti- MTNR1A antibody

Background

MTNR1A, also known as MT1, is a G protein-coupled receptor for melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles. MTNR1A is primarily expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, where it mediates melatonin’s effects on synchronizing circadian rhythms with environmental light-dark cycles. Activation of MTNR1A inhibits adenylate cyclase via Gi proteins, reducing cAMP levels and modulating downstream signaling pathways that regulate neuronal excitability and gene expression. MTNR1A is critical for sleep initiation, thermoregulation, and seasonal reproduction in some species. Dysregulation of MTNR1A has been associated with sleep disorders, circadian rhythm disturbances, and mood disorders such as depression. MTNR1A agonists like ramelteon are used clinically to treat insomnia and jet lag by promoting sleep onset. Its role in circadian and endocrine regulation highlights MTNR1A as a key target for managing sleep disorders, metabolic health, and mood-related conditions.