Family main features
Interferon Omega 1 (IFNω1) is a member of the Type I interferon family, which is critically involved in antiviral immunity. The Type I interferons (IFNs) include IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-κ, IFN-ε, and IFN-ω. These cytokines play a pivotal role in the immune system by initiating antiviral responses and modulating both innate and adaptive immunity. IFNω1, like other Type I interferons, has potent antiviral, antiproliferative, and immune-regulatory properties, contributing to the host's defense against viral pathogens.
IFNω1, encoded by the IFNW1 gene, is part of the omega interferon subgroup. It is primarily produced by leukocytes, especially plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and exerts its effects on target cells by binding to the Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR), which consists of two subunits: IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. This cytokine triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), conferring antiviral activity and modulating immune responses.
While IFN-α and IFN-β have been extensively studied and widely used in clinical settings, IFNω1 is less well characterized. However, it shares many functional similarities with these better-known interferons and is part of the broader immune strategy to combat viral infections. IFNω1, like other omega interferons, is also being explored for its potential therapeutic uses, particularly in veterinary medicine and certain viral diseases in humans.
The IFNW1 gene is located on chromosome 9p21.3 in humans, within the larger Type I interferon gene cluster. The gene encodes a protein of approximately 195-200 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide at the N-terminal that is cleaved during post-translational processing to produce the mature IFNω1 protein.
IFNω1 adopts the α-helical structure typical of interferons, with a four-helix bundle as its core. This structure is critical for the protein’s interaction with its receptor and for maintaining its functional stability. The helices are organized in an antiparallel configuration, which is a hallmark of the cytokine’s family members.
The disulfide bonds between cysteine residues stabilize the protein’s structure, ensuring that it remains functional under physiological conditions. Additionally, glycosylation may occur at specific asparagine residues, contributing to protein stability, solubility, and enhancing interactions with receptors.
IFNω1 binds to the IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits of the Type I interferon receptor, initiating downstream signaling cascades. This receptor-ligand interaction is crucial for activating the antiviral and immune-modulatory pathways that are characteristic of Type I interferons.
Interferon Omega 1 belongs to the Type I interferon family, which includes:
Type I interferons are distinguished by their ability to bind to the Type I interferon receptor and induce similar biological effects, although they may differ in tissue distribution, expression profiles, and specific antiviral potencies.
IFNω1 is one of the several omega interferons encoded by the human genome. While the omega interferons have a similar biological function to other Type I interferons, they have unique features and may act in a more specialized or restricted manner in certain tissues or under specific immune conditions.
Like other Type I interferons, IFNω1 plays a central role in the body’s defense against viral infections. Upon binding to IFNAR, IFNω1 activates the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, and the formation of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex. This complex translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to interferon-sensitive response elements (ISREs) in the promoter regions of ISGs.
The ISGs encode proteins with diverse antiviral properties, including:
This broad spectrum of antiviral activity makes IFNω1 an important cytokine in controlling both RNA and DNA viruses. It also exerts antiproliferative effects on infected or transformed cells, aiding in immune surveillance and tumor suppression.
In addition to its antiviral properties, IFNω1 modulates the immune system by promoting antigen presentation, enhancing the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, and influencing the adaptive immune response. It plays a role in upregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, improving the ability of cytotoxic T cells to recognize and eliminate infected or malignant cells.
Interferons, including IFNω1, are known for their antiproliferative effects and potential anti-tumor activity. By inhibiting cell division and promoting apoptosis in malignant cells, IFNω1 contributes to immune-mediated tumor suppression. This has led to its investigation as a potential therapeutic agent in certain cancers.
While IFN-α and IFN-β are more widely used in clinical settings for treating diseases such as hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, and some cancers, IFNω1 is primarily explored in veterinary medicine and has been studied in certain human viral infections.
Like other interferons, IFNω1 can cause systemic side effects, especially when administered at high doses. These include flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue, muscle aches), cytopenias, and in rare cases, neuropsychiatric effects. The risk and severity of side effects are generally lower with IFNω1 compared to IFN-α due to its more restricted action, but further clinical trials are necessary to confirm this.
Chronic administration of Type I interferons, including IFNω1, may contribute to the development or exacerbation of autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in predisposed individuals. This underscores the need for careful monitoring of patients receiving interferon therapy.
IFNω1 (Interferon Omega 1) is a member of the Type I interferon family, which plays a crucial role in antiviral defense and immune modulation. Structurally, it shares the typical four α-helical bundle configuration characteristic of interferons, and it binds to the Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) to initiate signaling cascades that lead to the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs produce proteins with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory functions, enabling the host to control viral infections and malignancies.
Although IFNω1 is less studied compared to IFN-α and IFN-β, it has shown promise in both veterinary medicine and human applications, particularly for treating viral infections. Its role in modulating immune responses while potentially limiting systemic side effects makes it a promising candidate for future therapeutic development. However, further studies are needed to fully explore its clinical utility and understand its side effect profile, especially regarding long-term use and the risk of autoimmunity.
In summary, IFNω1 represents an intriguing cytokine within the interferon family with a unique set of antiviral and immune-regulatory properties, making it a focus of ongoing research for both human and veterinary therapeutic applications.
interferon omega 1 (IFNW1)
Interferon alpha-II-1
En la tabla siguiente se muestra una comparativa de todos los reactivos disponibles en nuestro catálogo (Proteins and Peptides, Primary Antibodies, ELISA Kits) relacionados con IFNW1 - interferon omega 1
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provider | Code | reference | name | reactivity | sample type | assay type | test range | sensitivity | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FineTest | IFNW1 | EH0594 | Human IFNW1(Interferon omega-1) ELISA Kit | human | Serum,Plasma,Tissue homogenates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody | 15.625-1000pg/ml | 96T | P05000 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | IFNW1 | abx253562 | Human Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) ELISA Kit | Human | Serum,Plasma,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 15.6 pg/ml - 1000 pg/ml | 537.5 | 96 tests | P05000 | RUO |
provider | Code | reference | name | reactivity | clonality | host | immunogen target | isotype | conjugation | tested applications | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbexa | IFNW1 | abx300544 | Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) Antibody | Cow | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) | Unconjugated | ELISA | 162.5 | 20 µg | P07352 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNW1 | abx323555 | Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) | Unconjugated | ELISA, WB | 187.5 | 50 µg | P05000 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNW1 | abx005694 | Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) Antibody | Mouse | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Omega-1 (IFNW1) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC | 175 | 20 µl | P05000 | RUO |
provider | Code | reference | name | origin | expression | host | conjugation | tested applications | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FineTest | IFNW1 | P4495 | Recombinant Human IFNW1 | Human | Recombinant | E.Coli | Western Blot,ELISA | 50μg | P05000 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | IFNW1 | abx263140 | Interferon omega 1 Protein | Human | Recombinant | Unconjugated | SDS-PAGE | 225 | 20 µg | P05000 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNW1 | abx655698 | Human Interferon Omega (IFNw) Protein (Active) | Human | Recombinant | Unconjugated | WB, SDS-PAGE | 3237.5 | 1 mg | RUO |
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