Human Interferon Omega (IFNw) Protein

Background

Interferon Omega 1 (IFNW1) is a type I interferon that belongs to the family of interferons known for their critical roles in antiviral defense, immune regulation, and cell growth inhibition. IFNW1 is predominantly produced by leukocytes in response to viral infections and other immune stimuli. This cytokine binds to the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR), initiating a signaling cascade through the JAK-STAT pathway. This activation leads to the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which encode proteins that inhibit viral replication, enhance antigen presentation, and activate immune cells such as natural killer cells and macrophages. IFNW1 has a similar but distinct activity profile compared to other type I interferons, such as IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, with potential applications in treating viral infections and certain malignancies. It is being explored in therapeutic contexts, including its use as an immunomodulatory agent in chronic viral infections and autoimmune disorders. Elevated levels of IFNW1 are associated with heightened immune activity, and its therapeutic modulation could provide benefits in diseases with dysregulated immune responses.