GPR83 - G Protein Coupled Receptor | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

GPR83 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the rhodopsin-like family of GPCRs. While it is classified as an orphan receptor because its endogenous ligand remains unidentified, it plays important roles in various physiological processes.GPR83 was discovered in the early 2000s through bioinformatics and molecular cloning techniques. Despite extensive efforts, its endogenous ligand and precise physiological functions are still under investigation. In summary, GPR83 is an orphan GPCR with widespread expression and putative roles in neuroendocrine regulation, immune modulation, metabolic regulation, and neurobehavioral effects. Dysregulation of GPR83 signaling may contribute to various clinical conditions, making it a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, and immune-related diseases.

Structural Features:

GPR83, like other GPCRs, consists of seven transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops, with an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus. This structural arrangement enables GPR83 to interact with signaling molecules and transduce intracellular responses.

Expression and Distribution:

GPR83 is expressed in various tissues and organs, including the central nervous system, immune system, gastrointestinal tract, and endocrine organs. Its widespread expression suggests diverse roles in physiological regulation.

Physiological Functions (Putative):

1.   Neuroendocrine Regulation: GPR83 may play a role in neuroendocrine regulation, influencing hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, and neuronal activity. Its expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland suggests involvement in hormonal and metabolic homeostasis.

2.   Immune Modulation: GPR83 is expressed in immune cells and may modulate immune responses, inflammation, and cytokine production. Its function in immune regulation suggests potential implications in autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders.

3.   Metabolic Regulation: GPR83 has been associated with metabolic regulation, including energy balance, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Its expression in metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver suggests involvement in metabolic homeostasis.

4.   Neurobehavioral Effects: While the exact role of GPR83 in neurobehavioral regulation is not fully understood, studies in animal models suggest potential involvement in mood regulation, anxiety-like behaviors, and stress responses.

Clinical Implications:

1.   Metabolic Disorders: Dysregulation of GPR83 signaling has been implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Targeting GPR83 may offer therapeutic strategies for managing metabolic abnormalities.

2.   Neurological Disorders: Alterations in GPR83 expression or function have been observed in neurological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate its specific contributions to these disorders.

3.   Immune Disorders: GPR83 may contribute to immune dysregulation and inflammatory diseases. Modulating GPR83 signaling pathways may have therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.

Therapeutic Potential:

1.   Drug Discovery: Investigating GPR83 as a potential drug target for the development of novel therapeutics targeting metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, and immune-related conditions.

2.   Pharmacological Modulation: Developing selective agonists or antagonists targeting GPR83 to modulate its activity and investigate its effects on various physiological processes.

3.   Translational Research: Conducting translational research to better understand the role of GPR83 in human health and disease and explore its therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical settings.