ANXA9 - Annexin A9 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

Annexin A9, also known as ANXA9, is a member of the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexin A9 is a protein consisting of approximately 345 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 38 kDa. Like other annexins, Annexin A9 binds to phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. It has a preference for phosphatidylinositol phospholipids.Annexin A9 is primarily located in the cytoplasm but can translocate to the plasma membrane and other cellular compartments in response to cellular signaling and stimuli. Annexin A9 has been implicated in cancer biology. Altered expression of ANXA9 has been observed in various cancers, and it may play roles in cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. It is considered a potential biomarker for certain cancers. Annexin A9 has been studied in the context of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in atherosclerosis. It may play a role in inflammation and plaque formation in blood vessels. Some studies suggest that Annexin A9 may have immunomodulatory functions, potentially influencing immune cell responses and inflammation. There is emerging research on the potential involvement of Annexin A9 in neurological disorders. It may have implications for neuronal function and neurodegenerative diseases.

Protein Structure:

• Core Domain: ANXA9, like other annexins, has a conserved core domain that includes four annexin repeats. These repeats are crucial for calcium-binding and phospholipid-binding capabilities.
• N-terminal Domain: The N-terminal region of ANXA9 is variable, contributing to its specific functional roles and interactions with other cellular components.
• C-terminal Domain: Similar to other annexins, the C-terminal domain of ANXA9 aids in membrane association and interaction with other proteins.

Classification and Subtypes:

ANXA9 is classified within the annexin family, which includes multiple members (ANXA1 to ANXA13). Each member has unique but overlapping roles in cellular functions. ANXA9 does not have distinct subtypes but is part of a broader group of annexins with shared structural features and diverse functions.

Function and Biological Significance:

• Membrane Dynamics: ANXA9 plays a role in the regulation of membrane dynamics, including vesicle trafficking and membrane repair. Its ability to bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner is central to these functions.
• Signal Transduction: ANXA9 is involved in signaling pathways that mediate cellular responses to external and internal stimuli. This includes roles in processes like inflammation and cell proliferation.
• Cell Adhesion and Migration: Emerging evidence suggests that ANXA9 may be involved in cell adhesion and migration, processes critical for tissue development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

Interactions:

• Phospholipids: ANXA9 binds to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium ions, facilitating its involvement in membrane-associated processes.
• Protein Partners: ANXA9 interacts with other proteins that are involved in signaling pathways, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane dynamics. These interactions are essential for its diverse biological functions.

Clinical Issues:

• Cancer: Altered expression of ANXA9 has been observed in various cancers. Its role in cell adhesion and migration suggests it may contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. Understanding ANXA9's function in cancer could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
• Inflammatory Diseases: Given the involvement of annexins in inflammation, ANXA9 might play a role in inflammatory diseases. Research is ongoing to elucidate its specific contributions to these conditions.

Summary:

Annexin A9 (ANXA9) is a member of the annexin family, characterized by its ability to bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. ANXA9 is involved in crucial cellular processes such as membrane dynamics, signal transduction, and potentially cell adhesion and migration. Although not as well-studied as other annexins, ANXA9's emerging roles in cancer and inflammation highlight its biological and clinical importance. Further research into ANXA9 could provide deeper insights into its functions and interactions, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools.