ANXA13 - Annexin A13 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

Annexin A13, also known as ANXA13, is a member of the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. ANXA13, like other annexins, is involved in various cellular processes. However, compared to some other annexins, ANXA13 is relatively less studied, and its exact functions are still being elucidated. Annexins often play roles in the organization and dynamics of cell membranes. ANXA13 likely participates in similar processes, regulating membrane composition and structure. Annexins can interact with signaling molecules and pathways, influencing cell signaling cascades. ANXA13 may also interact with the cytoskeleton, affecting cell shape and movement. ANXA13 is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Its expression pattern suggests roles in these tissues, possibly related to membrane organization and cellular processes specific to these organs. There is some interest in ANXA13's potential roles in neurological disorders, given its expression in the brain. Research in this area is ongoing to understand its contributions to conditions like Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. ANXA13 has been also implicated in cancer biology, particularly in breast cancer. Studies have suggested its involvement in tumor growth and metastasis.

Protein Structure:

• Core Domain: Like other annexins, ANXA13 contains a core domain composed of four annexin repeats. These repeats are conserved regions that facilitate calcium binding and interaction with phospholipids.
• N-terminal Domain: ANXA13 has a unique N-terminal domain that distinguishes it from other annexins. This domain is thought to confer specific functional properties to ANXA13, potentially related to its role in the gastrointestinal tract.

Classification and Subtypes:

ANXA13 is part of the annexin family, which includes several other members (e.g., ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA3, etc.). There are no known subtypes of ANXA13, but it is considered the prototype of the annexin family due to its ancestral origin.

Function and Biological Significance:

• Membrane-related Functions: ANXA13 is involved in membrane-related processes such as membrane organization and trafficking. This is particularly important in the gastrointestinal tract, where efficient membrane dynamics are crucial for nutrient absorption and barrier function.
• Cellular Signaling: ANXA13 may play a role in cellular signaling pathways by interacting with membrane phospholipids and proteins in a calcium-dependent manner.
• Epithelial Cell Function: Given its high expression in the intestines, ANXA13 is likely important for the function and maintenance of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

Interactions:

• Phospholipids: ANXA13 binds to phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner, which is a characteristic feature of the annexin family. This interaction is critical for its role in membrane dynamics and cellular signaling.
• Membrane Proteins: ANXA13 may interact with various membrane proteins, influencing membrane organization and function, particularly in epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

Clinical Issues:

• Cancer: While specific studies on ANXA13 and cancer are limited, its expression in the gastrointestinal tract suggests that it could play a role in gastrointestinal cancers. Alterations in ANXA13 expression or function may contribute to tumorigenesis or progression in these tissues.
• Inflammatory Diseases: Given its role in the gastrointestinal tract, ANXA13 may be involved in inflammatory diseases of the gut, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Changes in ANXA13 expression or function could affect epithelial cell integrity and inflammatory responses.

Summary:

Annexin A13 (ANXA13) is a crucial member of the annexin family, primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. It plays significant roles in membrane organization, trafficking, and cellular signaling. ANXA13’s unique structure, including its distinct N-terminal domain, suggests specialized functions related to epithelial cell maintenance and function in the intestines. While clinical studies specifically targeting ANXA13 are limited, its involvement in gastrointestinal health implies potential links to cancer and inflammatory diseases. Further research into ANXA13 could reveal important insights into its biological functions and clinical relevance.