Recombinant Human FSHR

Background

FSHR is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a glycoprotein hormone essential for reproductive function. FSHR is primarily expressed in ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells, where it regulates gametogenesis, follicular development, and estrogen production. In females, FSHR activation stimulates granulosa cell proliferation, estradiol synthesis, and follicular maturation, critical for ovulation and fertility. In males, FSHR promotes Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis. FSHR signaling occurs through Gs proteins, leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP levels, and downstream activation of PKA and MAPK pathways. Mutations in FSHR can cause reproductive disorders such as ovarian dysgenesis, primary ovarian insufficiency, and male infertility. FSHR overexpression has been observed in ovarian cancer, where it may contribute to tumor growth. Therapeutically, FSH analogs are used in assisted reproduction technologies to stimulate ovarian function, while FSHR inhibitors are under investigation for treating hormone-driven cancers.