Rat Toll Like Receptor 8 (TLR8) Protein

Background

Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is a member of the toll-like receptor family, which plays a crucial role in the innate immune system by recognizing specific molecular patterns associated with pathogens. TLR8, in particular, is an endosomal receptor that primarily recognizes single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and other microorganisms, making it a significant player in detecting RNA viruses, such as influenza and certain coronaviruses. As part of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family, TLR8 is instrumental in initiating the innate immune response upon detection of foreign RNA, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and antiviral responses. TLR8 expression is largely found within immune cells, specifically in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, with notable expression in myeloid dendritic cells. Its activation is associated with the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway, which ultimately results in the production of cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs), essential mediators in controlling viral infections. TLR8’s unique role in recognizing RNA-based pathogens positions it as a potential therapeutic target for treating viral infections, certain inflammatory diseases, and possibly cancers.