Rat Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1) Protein

Background

FFAR1, also known as GPR40, is a G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in pancreatic β-cells, where it mediates the effects of medium- and long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAR1 activation enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through Gq-mediated signaling pathways, including activation of phospholipase C (PLC), increased intracellular calcium, and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. It plays a critical role in metabolic regulation by linking dietary fat intake to insulin release, thereby maintaining glucose homeostasis. FFAR1 is a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, where selective agonists are being explored to enhance insulin secretion without causing hypoglycemia. In addition to its metabolic role, FFAR1 is expressed in the brain and has been linked to neuroprotective functions. Dysregulation of FFAR1 signaling contributes to insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. Its dual role in metabolic regulation and neurological health positions FFAR1 as a key target for diabetes treatment and potential neurodegenerative therapies.