Rat Follistatin Like Protein 1 (FSTL1) Protein

Background

Follistatin like 1 (FSTL1) FSTL1 is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine)-related family and plays diverse roles in development, inflammation, and tissue repair. FSTL1 contains a follistatin-like domain that enables it to interact with various signaling molecules, including members of the TGF-β superfamily. FSTL1 modulates signaling pathways such as BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling, influencing cell differentiation, growth, and immune responses. It is highly expressed in tissues undergoing development or repair, such as the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles. FSTL1 also exhibits immunomodulatory properties, acting as a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediator depending on the context. Dysregulation of FSTL1 has been implicated in inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and fibrosis, where it contributes to tissue remodeling and immune dysregulation. In cancer, altered FSTL1 expression can influence tumor progression and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Its multifunctional roles in signaling, tissue repair, and immune regulation highlight its potential as a therapeutic target.