Rat Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) Protein

Background

ENTPD1, also known as CD39, is a critical ectoenzyme involved in the regulation of extracellular nucleotide levels. It belongs to the family of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides, such as ATP and ADP, into their respective monophosphate forms (AMP). This enzymatic activity is crucial for modulating purinergic signaling, which is involved in various physiological processes, including immune responses, thrombosis, vascular function, and tissue homeostasis. ENTPD1 is primarily expressed on immune cells like T regulatory cells (Tregs), dendritic cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Its ability to degrade ATP and ADP limits pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic signaling, promoting an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic environment. This makes ENTPD1 a significant player in maintaining immune tolerance, regulating inflammation, and controlling thrombosis.