Rat Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 2 (CYSLTR2) Protein

Background

CYSLTR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds cysteinyl leukotrienes, particularly LTC4 and LTD4, with a lower affinity for LTE4. CYSLTR2 is expressed in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells, where it mediates inflammatory responses similar to CYSLTR1. CYSLTR2 activation leads to smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, and cytokine production through the phospholipase C (PLC)/calcium signaling pathway. While CYSLTR1 is more involved in acute bronchoconstriction, CYSLTR2 appears to play a complementary role in chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue remodeling. Dysregulation of CYSLTR2 contributes to diseases such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cardiovascular conditions, where cysteinyl leukotriene signaling promotes tissue damage and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests CYSLTR2's involvement in cancer progression, particularly in promoting tumor-associated inflammation and angiogenesis. Targeting CYSLTR2, in combination with CYSLTR1 antagonists, is being explored to improve therapeutic outcomes in severe asthma, fibrosis, and inflammatory diseases.