Rat 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2C / 5-HT2C (HTR2C) Protein

Background

HTR2C is a serotonin receptor subtype located primarily in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the hypothalamus, choroid plexus, and limbic regions, where it regulates mood, appetite, and metabolic processes. As a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), HTR2C exerts its effects by activating intracellular signaling cascades, including the phospholipase C pathway. HTR2C plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and appetite suppression, contributing to its regulation of body weight. Agonism of HTR2C receptors promotes the release of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in hypothalamic neurons, leading to reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure. Drugs such as lorcaserin, a selective HTR2C agonist, have been used to treat obesity by reducing appetite. HTR2C is also implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and substance abuse. Genetic polymorphisms and dysfunction in HTR2C signaling have been linked to metabolic syndrome, antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and insulin resistance, particularly in patients undergoing psychiatric treatments. Furthermore, HTR2C modulates dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, which play roles in motivation, reward, and mood regulation. Its influence on behaviors such as impulsivity, cognition, and stress responses makes HTR2C a significant target for obesity management, mood stabilization, and substance use disorders. Understanding the therapeutic modulation of HTR2C holds promise for treating both metabolic and psychiatric conditions.