Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 (PTGER4) Antibody

Background

PTGER4, or EP4, is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), playing a key role in inflammation, immune regulation, and tissue homeostasis. EP4 primarily couples to Gs proteins, stimulating adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels, and activating downstream signaling pathways such as PKA, PI3K/Akt, and β-arrestin. EP4 is widely expressed in immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial tissues, where it mediates vasodilation, bone remodeling, and anti-inflammatory effects. In the immune system, EP4 regulates T cell differentiation, macrophage activity, and cytokine production, contributing to inflammation resolution. Dysregulation of EP4 signaling is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, where EP4 activation promotes angiogenesis, immune evasion, and tumor growth. EP4 agonists are being investigated for conditions like osteoarthritis and ulcerative colitis due to their anti-inflammatory effects, while EP4 antagonists are explored for cancer therapy and cardiovascular diseases, where modulation of PGE2 responses holds therapeutic potential.