Mouse Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 2 (AVPR2) Protein

Background

AVPR2 is another G protein-coupled receptor activated by arginine vasopressin (AVP). It is primarily expressed in the kidneys, where it plays a critical role in regulating water reabsorption and maintaining fluid balance. AVPR2 couples to Gs proteins, activating adenylate cyclase and increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which promotes the insertion of aquaporin water channels into the cell membrane, allowing for water reabsorption. This process is crucial for maintaining osmotic balance and preventing dehydration. AVPR2 is also involved in regulating blood pressure by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone. Mutations in the AVPR2 gene are the cause of X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive thirst and urination. AVPR2 antagonists are being developed for the treatment of conditions such as diabetes insipidus and certain forms of heart failure, where controlling water retention and blood pressure is critical.