Mouse Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Binding Protein A3 (APBA3) Protein

Background

APBA3, another member of the X11 protein family, is involved in the binding and regulation of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP). Unlike other members, APBA3 is highly expressed in a variety of tissues, including brain, heart, and liver, where it regulates both APP trafficking and protein stability. It binds APP through its phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and modulates its intracellular transport, preventing abnormal amyloid-beta production. APBA3 has additional roles beyond APP regulation, including its participation in vesicular transport, endocytosis, and regulation of apoptotic pathways. The protein is also implicated in immune regulation, where it interacts with components of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, suggesting a role in inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of APBA3 expression can contribute to amyloid plaque formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, its involvement in cellular apoptosis suggests that APBA3 may also play a role in cancer progression and metabolic disorders. Understanding its mechanisms in APP metabolism and cellular signaling offers promising therapeutic opportunities to target neurodegenerative conditions and inflammatory processes.