Melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) Antibody

Background

MC4R is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by melanocortins such as α-MSH and ACTH, primarily expressed in the hypothalamus. MC4R plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis, appetite suppression, and body weight. Activation of MC4R stimulates Gs proteins, increasing intracellular cAMP levels and activating downstream pathways to inhibit feeding and promote energy expenditure. Mutations in MC4R are the most common cause of monogenic obesity, resulting in hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure. In addition to its role in metabolism, MC4R influences glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular function, and sexual behavior. MC4R agonists are being developed as potential therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic disorders, while antagonists are explored for cachexia and anorexia. MC4R’s critical role in appetite regulation and energy balance highlights its significance as a target for treating obesity, metabolic syndrome, and weight-related disorders.