Interleukin 1 Receptor Like Protein 1 (IL1RL1) Antibody (Biotin)

Background

IL1RL1, also known as ST2, is a member of the IL-1 receptor family that serves as the receptor for interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine involved in type 2 immune responses, tissue repair, and inflammation. IL1RL1 exists in both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms, where the membrane-bound form (ST2L) mediates IL-33 signaling, while the soluble form (sST2) acts as a decoy receptor to neutralize IL-33 activity. Upon IL-33 binding, IL1RL1 forms a heterodimeric complex with IL1RAP, leading to the activation of NF-κB, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which promote cytokine production and immune cell activation. IL1RL1 is highly expressed on Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells, where it regulates allergic inflammation, tissue homeostasis, and host defense. Dysregulation of IL1RL1 is implicated in allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrotic disorders, where excessive IL-33 signaling drives pathological inflammation and tissue remodeling. Functional studies show that loss of IL1RL1 results in impaired type 2 immune responses, reduced cytokine production, and defective tissue repair, emphasizing its role in immune regulation, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.