Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 4 (TNFRSF4) Protein

Background

TNFRSF4, commonly known as OX40 (CD134), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. It is an important costimulatory molecule expressed on T cells, specifically induced upon T cell activation. TNFRSF4 is known for its involvement in regulating immune responses, especially in T-cell proliferation, survival, and memory formation. As an immune-regulatory receptor, it primarily interacts with its ligand, OX40L (TNFSF4), which is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. OX40’s role in immune modulation is significant because it amplifies T-cell responses during both acute infections and in chronic immune responses, such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. By sustaining T-cell activation and enhancing immune memory, OX40 has become a central target in immunotherapy research, especially in the contexts of cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune diseases. Its ability to promote prolonged immune responses also makes it a critical regulator in various immune-related diseases, where modulation of OX40-OX40L interactions can potentially benefit patient outcomes.