Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 1B (TNFRSF1B) Protein

Background

TNFRSF1B, also known as Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 1B or TNFR2, is a cell surface receptor predominantly expressed on immune cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), endothelial cells, and neurons. TNFR2 is one of the two primary receptors for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with TNFR1 (TNFRSF1A). Although TNFR1 and TNFR2 both bind TNF-α, they have unique and overlapping roles within immune responses. TNFR2 primarily activates pathways that promote cell survival, tissue regeneration, and anti-inflammatory responses, differentiating it from TNFR1, which is more commonly associated with apoptosis and pro-inflammatory signaling. The TNFRSF1B gene is located on chromosome 1p36.22 and encodes a receptor of 461 amino acids. TNFR2 is a key component in regulating inflammation, modulating T cell activity, and contributing to vascular health. Its interaction with TNF-α can activate both canonical (NF-κB) and non-canonical pathways, resulting in varying cellular responses depending on the cellular environment and receptor activation context.