Human Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Protein

Background

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an essential component of the innate immune system, known for its role in recognizing and responding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR2 is part of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which detects structural components specific to pathogens and activates immune responses. TLR2 is particularly versatile, recognizing a broad array of ligands from bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and functions primarily by forming heterodimers with other TLRs, specifically TLR1 and TLR6. These heterodimers expand TLR2’s range of ligand recognition, including lipoproteins, lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, and lipoteichoic acid, enabling it to respond effectively to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The expression of TLR2 is predominantly found in immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes. TLR2’s activity is integral to the initiation of pro-inflammatory responses that support early immune defense. As such, it plays a pivotal role in the development of both innate and adaptive immunity by bridging the two responses through cytokine release and antigen presentation. Due to its broad functionality and critical role in immunity, TLR2 has become a focus for research into infections, inflammation, and immune-related diseases, as well as a potential target for immunotherapy.