Human TNF Receptor Associated Factor 1 (TRAF1) Protein

Background

TRAF1 is an adaptor protein in the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily signaling pathways, playing a role in regulating NF-κB and MAPK activation, apoptosis, and immune responses. TRAF1 interacts with TNFR1, TNFR2, and other members of the TNF receptor family to mediate downstream signaling, promoting survival and inflammatory responses. TRAF1 is predominantly expressed in immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages, where it modulates cytokine production and apoptosis inhibition. It forms heterodimers with TRAF2 to regulate receptor complex formation and downstream signal transduction. Dysregulation of TRAF1 contributes to autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and certain cancers by altering TNF signaling and immune responses. Knockdown studies show defects in cytokine production, reduced NF-κB activation, and increased susceptibility to apoptosis, underscoring its role in balancing immune homeostasis and cell survival pathways.