Human Tetraspanin-7 (TSPAN7) Protein

Background

Tetraspanin 7 (TSPAN7) is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, a group of membrane proteins involved in various cellular functions such as signaling, adhesion, and intracellular trafficking. Tetraspanins are characterized by their distinctive structure, containing four transmembrane domains. TSPAN7 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in neurons, and is also found in certain immune cells. TSPAN7 is of interest due to its involvement in neurological processes and its role in neurodevelopmental disorders, most notably X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Mutations or dysregulation of TSPAN7 have been implicated in cognitive deficits, autism spectrum disorders, and other neurological conditions, highlighting its importance in normal brain function. The primary role of TSPAN7 appears to be in facilitating cell-cell interactions and maintaining synaptic function. Through its association with other proteins in the tetraspanin web—an organized network of tetraspanins and their partner proteins—TSPAN7 modulates cellular signaling pathways crucial for neuronal growth, differentiation, and communication. These functions make TSPAN7 essential for neural development and synaptic plasticity, processes that underlie learning and memory.