Human Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor 3 (S1PR3) Protein

Background

S1PR3 is a G protein-coupled receptor for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), widely expressed in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. It couples to multiple G proteins (Gq, Gi, and G12/13), activating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Rho/ROCK. S1PR3 regulates vascular tone, endothelial barrier integrity, and smooth muscle contraction, contributing to blood flow regulation and vascular development. It also influences immune cell migration, inflammatory responses, and cardiac function. In the cardiovascular system, S1PR3 is essential for vasodilation and cardioprotection. Dysregulation of S1PR3 has been associated with chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer progression. In tumor biology, S1PR3 promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutically, targeting S1PR3 is being explored for its potential to regulate vascular inflammation, immune responses, and cancer metastasis, making it a promising target in inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.