Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type U (PTPRU) Protein

Background

PTPRU, also known as RPTPρ, is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. It contains extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like and fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane segment, and two intracellular phosphatase domains, with the first domain being enzymatically active. PTPRU is expressed in epithelial tissues, the nervous system, and during embryonic development. It interacts with cadherins and β-catenin, mediating cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. PTPRU regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, playing a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and tissue development. Its expression is developmentally regulated, and dysregulation has been linked to tumor progression in various cancers, including colorectal and breast cancer. PTPRU is also implicated in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, underscoring its importance in tissue homeostasis and development. Its ability to influence cellular adhesion and signaling makes it relevant for understanding cancer and developmental biology.