Human Prostacyclin Receptor (PTGIR) Protein

Background

The prostacyclin receptor (PTGIR), also known as IP, is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PTGIR couples to Gs proteins, stimulating adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels, and promoting downstream signaling that leads to smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of platelet activation. PTGIR is expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and platelets, where it plays a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, reducing thrombosis, and regulating inflammation. Prostacyclin analogs, such as epoprostenol and iloprost, are used clinically to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by improving vasodilation and reducing vascular resistance. Dysregulation of PTGIR signaling is implicated in cardiovascular diseases, thrombosis, and inflammatory conditions. PTGIR remains a valuable therapeutic target for vascular disorders due to its ability to promote vasodilation, inhibit platelet aggregation, and protect against endothelial dysfunction.