Human Oxytocin Receptor (OXTR) Protein

Background

OXTR is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by the hormone oxytocin, which plays a central role in childbirth, lactation, and social bonding. OXTR is expressed in various tissues, including the uterus, mammary glands, brain, and heart. In the uterus, oxytocin binds to OXTR to stimulate labor by causing uterine smooth muscle contraction. In lactating women, oxytocin binds to OXTR to facilitate milk ejection. OXTR in the brain is involved in promoting social bonding, maternal behaviors, and emotional responses, and has been implicated in the regulation of anxiety and stress. Dysregulation of OXTR signaling is associated with conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where social bonding and empathy are impaired, and postpartum depression, where oxytocin signaling is thought to be altered. Research into OXTR agonists and antagonists holds promise for treating mood disorders, social dysfunction, and enhancing social bonding and attachment.