Human Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y1 (NPY1R) Protein

Background

NPY1R is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). It is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the hypothalamus, as well as peripheral tissues, where it regulates appetite, energy homeostasis, and cardiovascular function. NPY1R couples to Gi/o proteins, inhibiting adenylate cyclase, reducing cAMP levels, and modulating calcium and potassium channels. Activation of NPY1R stimulates feeding behavior and reduces energy expenditure, contributing to weight gain and energy conservation. NPY1R is also involved in regulating stress responses, anxiety, and blood pressure. Dysregulation of NPY1R signaling is linked to obesity, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular dysfunction. NPY1R antagonists are being explored as potential therapeutics for obesity and metabolic syndrome, as blocking NPY1R can reduce food intake and promote weight loss. Additionally, NPY1R modulators are being investigated for anxiety and stress-related conditions due to its role in emotional regulation.