Human Neuritin 1 (NRN1) Protein

Background

Neuritin 1 (NRN1) is a protein encoded by the NRN1 gene and plays a significant role in neural development, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal regeneration, being highly expressed in the brain, particularly in regions associated with neurogenesis such as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. It is induced by neural activity and neurotrophic factors, mediating processes like axonal growth, dendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis, which are crucial for learning and memory. NRN1 acts as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein on the neuronal membrane, influencing cell-cell interactions and extracellular signaling, particularly in response to stimuli like injury or ischemic events. Dysregulation of NRN1 expression has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders and psychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression, indicating its role in maintaining neural integrity and adaptability. In experimental models, NRN1 has shown potential in promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery following nerve injury, highlighting its therapeutic relevance. Elevated NRN1 expression correlates with increased neuronal survival and plasticity, while its suppression can impair cognitive and motor functions, illustrating its pivotal role in sustaining neurophysiological processes