Human Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3 (LPAR3) Protein

Background

LPAR3 is a G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), widely expressed in reproductive tissues, cardiovascular cells, and epithelial tissues. It signals through Gq, Gi, and G12/13 proteins, activating downstream pathways such as phospholipase C (PLC), MAPK, and Rho/ROCK. LPAR3 plays a crucial role in embryonic development, particularly in implantation, embryo spacing, and uterine function. Dysregulation of LPAR3 impairs fertility and embryonic viability, as evidenced in animal models. In cancer, LPAR3 promotes tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, particularly in breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. LPAR3 activation enhances cancer cell migration and survival, making it a key contributor to cancer aggressiveness. In the cardiovascular system, LPAR3 regulates vascular tone and endothelial cell function, contributing to blood vessel integrity. Dysregulated LPAR3 signaling has been implicated in chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and fibrotic diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting LPAR3 aim to modulate its roles in reproduction, cancer, and inflammatory diseases.