Human Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPAR1) Protein

Background

LPAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid involved in diverse cellular processes. LPAR1 is widely expressed in various tissues, including the brain, lungs, and fibroblasts, where it mediates cell proliferation, survival, migration, and cytoskeletal reorganization. LPAR1 couples to multiple G proteins (Gi, Gq, and G12/13), activating pathways such as MAPK, Rho/ROCK, and PI3K/Akt. In fibrosis, LPAR1 signaling promotes fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition, contributing to pulmonary, hepatic, and renal fibrosis. It is also implicated in neuropathic pain, where LPAR1 activation sensitizes pain pathways and amplifies neuronal signaling. In cancer, LPAR1 drives tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, particularly in breast and lung cancers. Dysregulation of LPAR1 is associated with inflammatory disorders, cancer progression, and fibrosis. LPAR1 antagonists are being developed as potential therapies for fibrotic diseases, neuropathic pain, and cancer, highlighting its role as a key modulator of cell migration and tissue remodeling.