Human Killer Cell Immunoglobulin Like Receptor 2DS4 (KIR2DS4) Protein

Background

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS4 (KIR2DS4) is part of the Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) family, which plays a central role in the immune system, specifically in regulating natural killer (NK) cells and certain T-cell functions. KIR2DS4 is one of the activating receptors in the KIR family and is particularly involved in identifying cells that may be infected, stressed, or tumorigenic. KIR receptors, including KIR2DS4, contribute to the immune system's adaptability through interactions with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, typically class I. However, unlike many KIR receptors that mediate inhibitory signals, KIR2DS4 is an activating receptor. It provides stimulatory signals that help NK cells become cytotoxic toward specific target cells. KIR genes, including KIR2DS4, are highly polymorphic, with substantial genetic variation between individuals, contributing to variations in immune response. KIR genes are clustered on chromosome 19, and their expression varies across different populations, impacting immune response diversity. This variation has implications for disease susceptibility, transplantation compatibility, and response to certain therapies.