Human Killer Cell Immunoglobulin Like Receptor 2DL5 (KIR2DL5) Protein

Background

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5A (KIR2DL5A) is a member of the KIR family, which plays a crucial role in immune regulation, especially in natural killer (NK) cell and some T-cell activities. These receptors allow immune cells to differentiate between normal cells and those that may be infected, stressed, or malignant. KIR2DL5A, like other inhibitory KIR receptors, is known for its role in maintaining immune tolerance by providing inhibitory signals to prevent NK cells from attacking healthy tissues. This regulation is achieved through interactions with specific ligands, mainly human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on target cells. However, the specific HLA ligands for KIR2DL5A remain under research, with some studies suggesting unique ligand interactions within this receptor subtype. KIR2DL5A is located on chromosome 19 within the KIR gene cluster, which exhibits considerable genetic diversity across individuals. This diversity allows NK cells to adapt to various pathogenic and environmental pressures. The polymorphic nature of KIR genes like KIR2DL5A contributes to variations in immune responses between individuals, which can influence susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.