Human Interleukin 32 (IL32) Protein

Background

Interleukin 32 (IL32) is a relatively newly discovered pro-inflammatory cytokine, originally identified in 2005. It is unique because it does not belong to the classical cytokine families, such as the IL-6 or IL-1 families, and its function is primarily associated with the regulation of inflammation. IL-32 is produced by a variety of cell types, including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, underscoring its broad role in immune regulation. IL-32 expression is induced by other cytokines such as IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α. Its expression is also elevated in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) found on bacterial surfaces, signifying its role in innate immune responses to infection.