Human Integrin Beta 1 (ITGB1) Protein

Background

ITGB1, also known as integrin subunit beta 1 or CD29, is a crucial component of integrins, a large family of cell adhesion molecules involved in mediating interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins play a vital role in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. ITGB1, in particular, is an essential β subunit that pairs with multiple α subunits to form a variety of heterodimeric integrins. These integrins facilitate the binding of cells to ECM proteins, such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin, and are critical for tissue integrity, wound healing, and development. ITGB1 is ubiquitously expressed across many cell types and tissues, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and immune cells, reflecting its broad role in cellular homeostasis and signaling. Its function extends beyond simple adhesion, as ITGB1 integrins are involved in transmitting signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane, influencing cellular behavior based on external cues. Through a process called "outside-in" and "inside-out" signaling, ITGB1 integrins regulate cell motility, polarity, and survival, contributing to embryogenesis, immune responses, and cancer progression.