Human Insulin Receptor (INSR) Protein

Background

The insulin receptor (INSR) is a transmembrane protein essential for regulating glucose homeostasis, cellular growth, and metabolism. This receptor, which belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is the primary signaling molecule for insulin, a hormone central to controlling blood sugar levels. By binding insulin, the INSR initiates a cascade of signaling pathways that drive glucose uptake, protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of INSR signaling is implicated in various metabolic and endocrine diseases, most notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and insulin resistance-related disorders. The receptor’s role in modulating these critical physiological processes makes it a focus for therapeutic interventions and research in metabolic diseases.