Human Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 5 (gGT5) Protein

Background

Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5) is an enzyme that cleaves gamma-glutamyl bonds in glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds, facilitating glutathione metabolism and amino acid transport GGT5 is primarily expressed in the kidney, liver, and immune cells where it regulates extracellular glutathione breakdown and amino acid uptake for cellular antioxidant defense and detoxification pathways GGT5 plays a role in maintaining redox homeostasis by recycling glutathione, a key molecule for combating reactive oxygen species (ROS) Dysregulation of GGT5 expression has been associated with inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders Elevated GGT5 levels have also been observed in cancers, such as liver and renal cancers, where enhanced glutathione metabolism supports tumor progression and resistance to oxidative stress Additionally, GGT5 is involved in immune responses, as it regulates lymphocyte activation and macrophage function Its role in glutathione metabolism, cellular detoxification, and immune regulation underscores its importance in maintaining cellular health and redox balance across various physiological and pathological conditions