Human Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) Protein

Background

FPR2, also known as ALX/FPR2, is a G protein-coupled receptor with dual roles in pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. It is expressed on neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells, where it recognizes formylated peptides, lipoxin A4, and other endogenous or pathogen-derived ligands. FPR2 signaling activates pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK, regulating immune cell chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Uniquely, FPR2 mediates both inflammatory responses and resolution of inflammation, depending on the ligand. For example, it promotes inflammation in response to bacterial peptides but facilitates resolution through lipoxin A4, which reduces neutrophil recruitment and promotes tissue repair. Dysregulation of FPR2 is linked to chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. In cancer, FPR2 can either support or inhibit tumor progression by influencing immune cell behavior and tumor microenvironment composition. FPR2’s ability to switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory states highlights its therapeutic potential for modulating inflammation, resolving chronic inflammatory diseases, and targeting immune dysfunction in cancer.