Human Follistatin-Related Protein 5 (FSTL5) Protein

Background

FSTL5 is a secreted glycoprotein from the follistatin-related protein family, which regulates cell signaling pathways by interacting with members of the TGF-β superfamily, including activins and BMPs. FSTL5 is expressed in various tissues, with high levels in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, suggesting roles in neural and muscular development. It acts as a modulator of growth factor activity, influencing processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the central nervous system, FSTL5 is involved in synaptic regulation and may contribute to neuronal survival during stress or injury. Dysregulation of FSTL5 expression has been observed in certain cancers, where it is thought to influence tumor progression by altering the tumor microenvironment and promoting angiogenesis. Its multifunctional role in development, tissue repair, and disease progression underscores its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in oncology and regenerative medicine.