Human Colony Stimulating Factor 2 Receptor Beta (CSF2Rb) Protein

Background

The Colony Stimulating Factor 2 Receptor Subunit Beta (CSF2RB), also known as common beta chain (βc), is an integral part of the receptor complex for several cytokines, notably granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and interleukin-5 (IL-5). These cytokines play essential roles in hematopoiesis, the immune system, and inflammatory processes by driving the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of various hematopoietic cells. CSF2RB is thus crucial for normal immune function and has also been implicated in inflammatory responses, tissue repair, and pathological conditions such as chronic inflammation and certain cancers. Unlike its alpha counterparts (CSF2RA, IL3RA, and IL5RA), which are cytokine-specific, CSF2RB serves as a shared receptor subunit in these cytokine receptor complexes. This shared receptor structure allows it to transmit signals from multiple cytokines, although it does not bind cytokines directly. Instead, CSF2RB’s main function is to initiate downstream signaling cascades once the cytokine and alpha subunit have bound, forming a functional receptor complex. This receptor complex predominantly activates the JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways, with substantial impact on immune responses, hematopoiesis, and cellular responses to stress.