Human Apolipoprotein C4 (APOC4) Protein

Background

APOC4 is a lesser-known member of the apolipoprotein C family, encoded within the APOC2-APOC4-APOC3 gene cluster on chromosome 19. It is primarily synthesized in the liver and is associated with VLDL and chylomicrons, suggesting a role in triglyceride metabolism and lipoprotein regulation. Although the exact function of APOC4 is not fully characterized, studies suggest it may modulate the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and influence triglyceride hydrolysis and clearance. Variants in the APOC4 gene have been linked to elevated plasma triglyceride levels and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. APOC4 is co-regulated with APOC2 and APOC3, indicating a cooperative role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid homeostasis. Its physiological significance is under investigation, but its presence in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins highlights its potential contribution to lipid transport and cardiovascular risk. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise biological role of APOC4 and its therapeutic relevance in lipid-related disorders.