Human Apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2) Protein

Background

APOC2 is a key component of VLDL and chylomicrons, playing an essential role in triglyceride metabolism as an activator of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). APOC2 is primarily synthesized in the liver and secreted into the plasma, where it facilitates the hydrolysis of triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL into free fatty acids and glycerol for energy production or storage. A deficiency or mutation in the APOC2 gene leads to familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, severe hyperlipidemia, and recurrent pancreatitis. APOC2 levels are tightly regulated to maintain lipid balance, as excess or reduced APOC2 activity can disrupt triglyceride clearance and promote atherosclerosis. APOC2 functions cooperatively with other apolipoproteins, such as APOA5 and APOE, to regulate lipid metabolism. Therapeutic strategies targeting APOC2 pathways are being explored to improve triglyceride clearance and reduce cardiovascular risk in individuals with dyslipidemia.