Human Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) Protein

Background

APOA4 is a protein primarily synthesized in the small intestine and secreted into the bloodstream as a component of chylomicrons during dietary fat absorption. It plays a key role in lipid metabolism, facilitating the transport and metabolism of triglycerides and cholesterol. APOA4 has been shown to activate lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), promoting cholesterol esterification and contributing to reverse cholesterol transport. Additionally, APOA4 exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, protecting against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It also regulates satiety by interacting with receptors in the hypothalamus, contributing to appetite control and energy balance. Elevated APOA4 levels are associated with improved lipid profiles, while its deficiency can impair lipid transport and metabolism.