Human Antithrombin-III (SERPINC1) Protein

Background

SERPINC1, commonly known as the gene encoding antithrombin (AT), is a critical member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. Antithrombin is primarily synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, where it plays a vital role in regulating blood coagulation. As a serpin, its primary function is to inhibit proteases involved in coagulation, such as thrombin and factor Xa, thereby preventing excessive clot formation. Deficiencies or abnormalities in the SERPINC1 gene are closely associated with thrombotic disorders, as they lead to an increased risk of blood clots due to insufficient antithrombin activity. This deficiency can be inherited or acquired, and it plays a significant role in conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).