Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C1 (AKR1C1) Enzyme

Background

AKR1C1, also known as 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones, specifically converting progesterone to its inactive metabolite, 20α-dihydroprogesterone. It plays a critical role in maintaining hormone balance and modulating progesterone-dependent signaling pathways, particularly in reproductive tissues. AKR1C1 also participates in the metabolism of androgens, estrogens, and other steroid hormones, influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of AKR1C1 has been implicated in hormone-driven cancers, such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers, where it reduces active steroid hormone levels to promote tumor progression. AKR1C1 also metabolizes reactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), protecting cells from oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agents. Its involvement in drug resistance highlights AKR1C1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Additionally, AKR1C1 is linked to neurological functions, as it regulates neurosteroids that modulate synaptic transmission and neuroprotection.